TPN &Hypokalemia Essays - Medicine, Potassium,

TPN Hypokalemia Alys Latimer, Layla Mohamed, and Sandra Zheng what IS tpn? Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN): Infusion of intravenous nutrition (macro- and micro- nutrients) Those with contraindications to oral dietary approach Specialized mixtures of amino acids, dextrose, lipid emulsions, electrolytes, vitamins and minerals Infused centrally into internal jugular or subclavian veins INDICATIONS: comatose, inadequate GI function, completebowel rest, and paediatric disorders ADVERSE COMPLICATIONS: infections, post-op wound complications, immune compromise, fluid/electrolyte imbalance, GI bleeding, etc. (Arya et al., 2013) What is hypokalemia? Hypokalemia: Normal Findings: 3.5 5.0 mEq/L Critical Values: 2.5 mEq/L Potassium (K+), important part of protein synthesis and maintenance of normal oncotic pressure and cellular electrical neutrality (Pagana Pagana, 2013) Signs and Symptoms of Hypokalemia Typically not present until Potassium levels are less than 3.0 mEq/L Signs and symptoms of hypokalemia are typically related to cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle weakness CARDIOVASCULAR: flattened T-wave and prominent U-wave, ST segment depression, conduction abnormalities, dysrhythmias, worsening hypertension, sudden death KIDNEY: polyuria, hypokalemic nephropathy, increased risk of nephrolithiasis, and chloride-depletion metabolic alkalosis CNS/NEUROMUSCULOSKELETAL: fatigue, malaise, hyporeflexia, weakness, cramps, paralysis, myalgia, and rhabdomyolysis GI TRACT: Constipation, vomiting, prolonged gastric emptying, paralytic ileus, anorexia, worsening hepatic encephalopathy GU TRACT: hypotonic bladder PULMONARY: respiratory acidosis, respiratory failure ENDOCRINE: insulin resistance and impairment in insulin release (Asmar et al., 2012; Elgart, 2004; Pagana Pagana, 2013) How to treat hypokalemia? Treatment Options: GOAL: identifying definitive cause of hypokalemia, prevent the development of life-threatening consequences, and correct any potassium deficit which avoiding hyperkalemia MILD MODERATE HYPOKALEMIA (3.0 3.5 MEQ/L): Treat underlying disorder if possible Treat with 60 80 mEq/d of KCl via PO in divided doses Reassess serum potassium concentration after replacement therapy and adjust accordingly SEVERE HYPOKALEMIA ( 3.0 MEQ/L): Preferred: 40 mEq/d of KCl via PO q3-4h TID Reassess serum potassium concentration after replacement therapy and adjust accordingly If necessary: 10 20 mEq/h of KCl via IV (in setting of cardiac arrhythmias, recent or ongoing cadiac ischemia, and digitalis toxicity Continuous cardiac monitoring is mandatory Reassess serum potassium concentration q2-4h (ensure that serum potassium concentration is 3.5 mEq/L) (Asmar et al., 2012) Thank you References: Asmar, A., Mohandas, R., Wingo, C.S. (2012). A physiologic-based approach to the treatment of a patient with hypokalemia. American Journal of Kidney Diseases: The Official Journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 60(3), 492 497. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2012.01.031 Arya, I. N., Shah, B., Arya, S., Dronavalli, S., Karthikenyan, N. (2013). A review of literature on modern parenteral nutrition. International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2(4), 801 806. doi: 10.5455/jimsph.2013.030920131 Elgart, H. N. (2004). Assessment of fluids and electrolytes. AACN Clinical Issues, 15(4). 607-621. Retrieved from: https://learn.humber.ca/bbcswebdav/pid-4534008-dt-content-rid 24071933_1/courses/1528.201750/Assessment%20of%20Fluids%20and.pdf Pagana, K. D., Pagana, T. J. (2013). Mosbys Canadian manual of diagnostic and laboratory tests (First Canadian ed.). Toronto, ON: Elsevier Canada

Gandhi And The Western Mind Essays - Indian People, Violence, Film

Gandhi And The Western Mind Essays - Indian People, Violence, Film Gandhi And The Western Mind Mary Reynolds November 17, 2000 History 3840 Arthur K. Scott Gandhi, Satyagraha, and the Western Mind There is much that can be said about such a great leader like Gandhi. He had many skills that were needed to make a difference in the world. Perhaps the most important quality that he possessed was the attributes of knowledge and common sense. These attributes made him a very levelheaded man who knew how to treat his opponent with respect while stating the issue at hand. Gandhi achieved many accomplishments throughout his life. Overall, the most significant was that one man could make a difference within his own country that received worldwide recognition. One of the reasons as to why Gandhi was such a success is in order to be a great leader, one must possess a great deal of inner peace. He was very capable of doing so, and in return, the opposing side listened to what this man had to say. The philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi is very different than those of Martin Luther King Jr. or Malcolm X. Gandhi took philosophy to a further level, which allowed people to understand themselves before trying to take on the opposing side. One of the main terms used in Gandhis philosophy is Satyagraha, which is the force of truth and love (Chadha, 112). This term can be applied to many different situations. Satyagraha has many different meanings, which is good because it allows people to interpret it in their own way. Websters dictionary defines Satyagraha as insisting on or the strong and obstinate inclination for (280). Satyagraha can be used in both political as well as domestic situations. The individual must use his or her inner soul to achieve peacefulness, which is brought on by Satyagraha. The term Ahisma is the second principle of Gandhis philosophy, which means nonviolence to all living things (Chadha 113). The term is also associated with truth. Ahisma also means having no intention to kill. This is what gave Gandhi and those who followed him, the ability not to strike back. They were able to look within themselves and find peace. An example of how this philosophy played out can be found in an example story told by Gandhi to help others understand how not to fight back with force. The story said that a man was trying to save a scorpion that kept biting him. When asked why did he keep trying to save the scorpion, the man stated that he was a human being and that it was his nature to save, just as it was the nature of the scorpion to bite (Fischer 77). Gandhi was able to declare that he applied true nonviolence to every part of his life. Domestic, institutional, economic, and political problems could all be dealt with by using Satyagraha. Satyagraha can be looked at as a method for resolving conflict. One of the main points is to try and win the trust of the other side. When this is accomplished, the two opposing sides can talk out their differences and try to put an end to them. Satyagraha also uses the readiness to suffer and not fight back. The citizens of India were successful in doing so. Take for example, the time in which Gandhis followers were repeatedly beaten and abused by authorities. They were able to search within their own souls and find the strength to resist violence. The four main weapons used by the satyagrahai are sympathy, trust, patience, and the willingness to suffer (Fischer 221). The relationship with the opponent can later become one that is full of trust, respect, and cooperation. When this type of relationship is obtained, conflict and tension will be resolved. Western minds may view this process as an unrealistic way of trying to solve a problem. With a true enemy, it is very hard- - almost impossible to even attempt to become friends with such a powerful, domineering opponent such as the British. The idea of using these four weapons seems very hard to actually accomplish. It appears that Gandhi takes great ease in dealing with the enemy. In the end, the enemies are converted to friends, said Gandhi (Prasad, 28). Although this idea seems

Thesis Format

Thesis Format Thesis Format Thesis Format Headlines help organize your thesis format more effectively. Headlines help you choose an appropriate thesis format.   Thesis format is not set; it is very flexible and can be changed in the process of thesis writing.   The sequence of headings, in turn, establishes the development of the argument throughout the thesis. There are many levels of headings and there is uniform rule to use.   However, you should keep in that your thesis dissertation writing should have at least some consistency.   Generally, chapter titles are marked as 'Heading 1' (perhaps upper-case, bold, and centered), the main ideas of each chapter are marked as 'Heading 2' (perhaps title case, bold, and left aligned) and sub-headings are marked as 'Heading 3' (perhaps italic and left-aligned). The greatest prominence is given to the most important headings, using combinations of capital letters (upper case), centering, and bolding. When you are working on a thesis chapter of 10,000 words, it can become difficult to check whether there is an overall consistent flow in what you are writing. For example, material on page 19 might follow material on page 3 more logically, but (unless you are continually re-reading the whole thesis and concentrating carefully) you might miss an overlap or lack of logical flow. An excellent way to check the flow of a thesis chapter is to check the headings. Outline view is invaluable when you are working on large documents such as thesis writing with multiple headings. Writing a thesis is a complex work, and if you have no possibility to write a thesis, you can take advantages of custom thesis services. Thesis Format Tips We advise you to spend some time talking with your tutor over requirements and expectations.   Thesis dissertation writing is a very large project and you definitely want to make it right.   It is a challenge as well as an opportunity to produce an original and interesting piece of writing.   Your thesis paper might determine your career choice and even shape the professional growth.   Do not miss an opportunity to get professional assistance with your thesis writing. .com You are welcome to order custom thesis writing service at our site.   Years of writing and editing experience give us confidence to promise qualitative assistance.   We can write a good thesis for you.   You will not regret placing an order at our site because we fulfill all of our promises!   Free plagiarism report and unlimited revisions upon request!

Style Change in the Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Style Change in the Management - Case Study Example The case study of the Gate Gourmet affair had become the subject matter of study for several management experts and consultant groups to have a re-look into the different traditional processes of the whole management philosophy and arrive at new angles and ideas about the management of the corporate bodies. The changes in the style of management adopted by the company had evolved a detailed study of the management in all its perspectives and this paper attempts to bring about the important aspects of the study of the art and science of management with its old and new approaches after the Gate Gourmet affair. The act, manner or practice of managing comprises of the areas of policy and administration. The term management also encompasses the people that provide the direction and supervision necessary to control and monitor the implementation of the organizational objectives. Irrespective of the size of the organization the management becomes an important aspect of pursuing the business policies. Coordinating - and directing the various people connected with the organization through motivation, communication, leadership and channelising the efforts of all people to accomplish the organizational objectives Controlling - "is a four-step process of establishing performance standards based on the firm's objectives, measuring and reporting actual performance, comparing the two, and taking corrective or preventive action as necessary." (Bernard L. Erven 1994) 2.1 Development of New Management Thinking: While the traditional school of management philosophy identified the different functions that contribute to an effective management, there are some new thoughts have been evoked in the field of managements studies. According to Davenport and Prusak (2003) implementing the right idea at the right time can be the difference between success and failure for even established companies. After spending considerable time in research in the area of idea generation, the authors opine that companies that could implement new management ideas are bound to be more efficient in their operations, remain effective in their outlook towards business issues and they also adopt innovative techniques in their performance in different functional areas. This way these companies are able to outperform their competitors. Strategy is often considered a major part of the total management activity. Strategic thinking and Strategic Management are the most important activities undertaken by any business organization. Evans et al (2003) describe the term strategy to consist the following elements as put forth by Mintzberg: Plan: implies some activity which is

Home work Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Home work - Coursework Example The social system has also separated the two groups to give the insurgence of the Whites who are in high class places while the blacks exists in the middle and lower class part of the society. In addition, ethnic segregation has further increased instances of racism as the society is divided into places where blacks and whites can live. Q3. Ethnic diversity also has benefits. One known benefit is multiculturalism. When different ethnic groups manage to live in one area, they manage to share with each other their culture. Some groups are able to appreciate and adopt the other groups culture hence leading to exchange of cultural information, for instance, pertaining the likes of eating habits, clothing, music and others. Another benefit of ethnic diversity in various cities is that it helps in scaling down the issue of racism. Q.4 Los Angeles is populated with Hispanics, Blacks, whites and Asians. Whites majorly exist in high class areas of Los Angeles like Hollywood and century city, Sherman Oaks. In Monterey Park, there is a large concentration of Asians. Hispanics take a large population as they are spread throughout Los Angeles, but more so to the East side. On the East side too, there is a mixture of whites, blacks, Asians and Hispanics. The diversity exists due to social stratification. The minority groups like the Hispanics and Asians are more concentrated in middle and lower class zones. Whites are more concentrated in areas of the rich as they belong to the high class people in the society. Q8. In looking at the statistics found in the table above, it is evident that ethnicity plays a role. For example, whites are located in areas of high per capita earning compared to other ethnic groups. In addition, whites have fewer families with people living below the poverty line as compared to Blacks, Hispanics and Asians. Hence ethnicity majorly influenced the distribution of the

The typography used on the word helpline Essay Example for Free

The typography used on the word helpline Essay The font is the same throughout the ad but the size is different. The main question asked in the ad is what do you know about cocaine? This is put in a bigger font size in the whole ad and it goes through both pages to make it stand out. The colour of the font is white throughout the ad apart from the drugs Help-line, which is in yellow writing on a black background. This is because it is trying to make the number stand out at you in the dark. This could also symbolise the fact the most people take drugs in the dark or the colour black could symbolise death. The typography used on the word helpline has a question mark replacing the letter P. This is used to catch the readers attention if they are skim reading the ad and once the readers attention has been caught, the phone number is directly under the question mark. The telephone number is in a larger size font than the website. This is because the advertiser wants the reader to use the phone and explain their problems and have assistance with what they can do. If they made the website stand out most teenagers could go onto it but then think I have better things to do. However, they do want to have a website for people who may feel more comfortable going on the Internet, but the whole point of the ad is to advertise the Help-line. This ad is definitely aimed at teenagers or people who are in their early twenties. This is because the ad has got pictures of teenagers and what they think of drugs. There is a good chance that the teenagers who take drugs can relate to this ad because the opinions of the men in the advert are common opinions on what most teenagers think of the effects of drugs. You can also easily tell the ad is aimed for teenagers because the pictures are taken at a disco, the main place where teenagers go. Not only that but you can also see teenagers in the background drinking and dancing. The overall message of the ad is quite simple; dont take cocaine and if you  are not sure what the effects of them are, call the National Drugs Helpline and  who will tell you all the facts. The lifestyles that the ad seems to suggest  after you have cocaine this can cause you being scruffy, getting paranoid weeks after taking cocaine and you cant sleep hence the womens opinion of drugs in the ad. The message that the ad is trying to get across to the reader is dont believe what your friends say about drugs and find out the actual facts before you take them.

Othello: Iago Makes Othello Believe His Wife Is Having An Affair Essay

Othello: Iago Makes Othello Believe His Wife Is Having An Affair In Shakespeare's "Othello," Iago carefully and masterfully entraps Othello into believing that his wife, Desdemona, is having an affair with Cassio. He does this through a series of suggestions and hesitations that entice and implant images into Othello's head that lead him to his own demise. More importantly, Iago gives Othello the motive to murder his own innocent wife Desdemona, satisfying Iago's immense appetite for revenge. The motive for Iago's devious plan is initially made clear in the first of three major soliloquies, in which he proclaims Othello has had an affair with his wife, Emilia: "And it is thought abroad that t'wixt my sheets/ He's done my office" (I.iii.381-383). The irony behind this line is where he continues: "I know not if't be true/ But I, for mere suspicion in that kind; / Will do as if for surety"(I.iii.383-385). Iago is so exceedingly paranoid and insane that he will go far as murdering, and deluding even a general into murdering his wife. Iago simultaneously conducts a devious plan to obtain Cassio's position as lieutenant, using Desdemona's prime weakness; her naivety. He disgraces Cassio by intoxicating him enough so he strikes Roderigo. Othello then discharges Cassio of his Lieutenancy when he says: "Cassio, I love thee,/ But nevermore be officer of mine" (II.iii.242-244). It was therefore understandable that he would fall to the mercy of Iago, completely oblivious to the inevitable effects. Iago reveals his plan to the reader in his third soliloquy when he states: His soul is so unfettered to her love, That she may make, unmake, do what she list, even as her appetite shall play the god With his weak function... And she for him pleads strongingly to the Moore, I'll pour this pestilence into his ear: That she repels him for her body's lust, And by how much she strives to do him good, She shall undo her her credit with the Moor (II.iii.330-350). &n... ...xpress their love and passion for each other: Othello: O my fair warrior! Desdemona: My dear Othello! Othello: It gives me wonder great as my content To see you here before me. O, my soul's joy (II.i.175-180)! Perpetual love and affection and contrasted with lusting animal attraction. What does Iago feel when he sees Othello and Desdemona together? How his mind must associate the same atmosphere with Othello having had an affair with his wife, enticing the "green-eyed monsters" within him. The feelings Iago feels is common jealousy. But to have it without surety, and to take it to such a great extent as to only describe it as being "mad." In an attempt at revenge, he does more than Othello supposedly did to him. By putting Othello through the same feelings he himself had gone through, he does not rid or relieve his feelings, but merely gains sadistic pleasure from brutal revenge That is not to say Othello is not a compelling and flawless character. Generally, it can be said that is more the function of our imagination and understanding of our own nature through which we determine Iago as who he is.

Human Resources Performance Appraisals

This paper should include sections on the strategic advantages of performance appraisals, potential forms of bias within the appraisal system, as well as how performance appraisals can contribute to the achievement of strategic objectives. Performance appraisal is considered a key tool for managerial needs of today’s organizations and is the process by which organizations evaluate job performance. A performance appraisal system usually requires a manager to rate each employee’s performance according to performance criteria’s that have already been established over a period of time.Performance appraisal systems also provide a basis for planning improvement as well as means for determining merit increases, transfers and even dismissals. The most important purpose or goal of the appraisal is to improve performance and hence productivity in the future. Performance appraisals allow employees to see where they are at and managers can get valuable information from emplo yees to help them make employee's jobs more productive.As a result of appraisals, managers’ control over work and results may increase, problems can be identified early, employees are motivated by being allowed to input into and own their objectives, enhances communication, objective feedback given back to employees, facilitates decision making in regard to pay scale and promotion, centralized record of performances. Some strategic advantages of performance appraisals are that it can provide a record of performance over a period of time.Meaning that if you have been on the job for 5 years and the current appraisal is not up to par the employer can go back and look at past appraisals and see if it’s worth it to fix the problem to keep you or let you go. They provide an opportunity for a manager to meet and discuss performance with an employee. In larger companies an HR manager may hardly ever see the employees; by doing the performance appraisal it allows for a one on o ne with each employee.Another strategic advantage is the appraisal provides the employee with feedback about their performance and how they completed their goals. Thus it also opens up the subject of how the employee could improve on the lower rated performances and provides an opportunity for an employee to discuss issues and to clarify expectations with their manager. Finally some strategic advantages could be an opportunity to think about the upcoming year and develop employee goals and can be motivational with the support of a good reward and compensation system.Some potential forms of bias within the appraisal system could be a Personality conflict between a manager and an employee and this could cause the manager to inaccurately assess an employee's contributions to an organization. The manager could be comparing the skills and contributions of one employee to another and it could result in an unfair assessment of the employees. A manager should be assessing an employee's perf ormance after a pre-determined amount of time. A first-impression performance appraisal isn't enough time to make an assessment.It has the potential to be swayed either positively or negatively. A manager should never rate an employee's performance based on recent behavior rather than on past performance. If an employee has a spotless record except for a recent mistake, the manager should not forget all of the good he or she has done. The last potential form of bias with in the appraisal system is that a manager should avoid political bias. This happens when non-performance related issues cloud the judgment of a performance appraiser such as religious beliefs or lifestyle choices.

Peer Mentor

In this quarter, being a peer mentor has a great impact to me, especially with the fact that the minute that I got is all international student from another country, like China, Korea, and Vietnam. At first I think mentoring people in the age range between 16 until 17 will be a really hard and tough Job, because people at that age tends to think that they know everything and usually refuse to receive a commentary or advisory from another people.They tend to do whatever they want without thinking about the consequences and sometimes very hard to approach because they think hey know everything best for them and keep everything themselves. In fact all my minute are easily approachable and very fun to have chat with. At the first meeting most of them are a little bit shy to ask or to talk about their personal problem, but as time goes on they become really talkative and tell me everything that they think I would like to know, for example their grades, their living situation, etc.They sha re everything without I have to ask or insist them to tell me about something, which I think is very good and far beyond my expectation. As a peer mentor, I learn a lot about my minute culture and their characteristic. Furthermore, I learn how to be responsible for them and try to be a good role model for them, by being active in class and do all the homework far before its due.In conclusion, being a peer mentor this quarter Is really fun for me and have a lot of positive effects towards me, I know more people, learn how to communicate with people which Is not from my home country, learn how to approach people, and learn how to manage my time, which I think Is very Important for me, especially to be a person which is not only excel In grade but also have a good relationship and willing to serve and help other people.

John Calvin essays

John Calvin essays From ancient Egypt to the Christian Church ruling over the majority of Europe theocratic governments had one great ideal in common: political ideologies were not just from the church, they were the church. John Calvin had his own, unique version of a theocracy, which he outlined in his novel The Institutes on Christian Piety. Calvin had a great distaste of the Catholic papacy so he made the Protestant theocracy by separating civil government from spiritual government. His ideas of reformation were different from any others ideas, even Luthers. Calvins ideas were used in the Genevan reformation and they were evident throughout Europe and even noticeable in the early colonies of New England. John Calvin was born in France in July 1509 (Walker 26). He was very liberally educated throughout his youth. He was sent to the University of Paris at the age of fourteen to study Theology (Walker 29). Eventually his specialty would change to Law because his father viewed it as the surest way to wealth and honors (Walker 44). So John studied Law until his father died and then he switched back to Theology and he eventually received his degree in this. While he was in Paris John was introduced to the writings of Martin Luther. He studied Luthers ideas and those of the Catholic Church until he realized that he would need to move away from the Church to find his place with God. Calvin was forced to flee Paris after he gave a speech demanding church reform. He wandered around Europe until he found himself in Geneva where he would work for reform of the Genevan Church (Walker 182). He went about this reformation by using the basis of his ideas from his now completed novel The Institutes on Christian Piety (Walker 228). Calvin began by assigning the Church the responsibility of caring for the magistrate. He did this but although he allowed the Church to be associated with the government, i ...

Analysis of the diaper market

Analysis of the diaper market Baby diaper market has been growing at a nominal rate for some time now. Declining birth rates in the developed world has adversely affected the diaper manufacturers’ ability to expand their businesses. As per data provided by Euromonitor International, birth rates among the developed nations have declined by almost 20% during the last 30 years and are now only half the global average. The global market for diapers was worth $22.2 billion, a 2.9% increase YOY. However, the major markets of Western Europe, the U.S. and Japan posted nominal decline. As a result, companies like Procter & Gamble and Kimberly Clark are relying more on innovation to their rescue. This has also been a major contributor of success for P&G in the past few years. The new found focus is the developing country markets, from which 40% of global diaper revenue is derived. Markets such as China and Russia are providing brands with excellent opportunities for longer term growth. It is also worthwhile to noti ce the trend in the developed markets towards greener products as shown in the chart below Diaper Market in Developing Country There is huge growth potential for these products in emerging markets such as China, Brazil and India, as these markets are still quite underdeveloped and new. For example, China is world’s most rapidly developing nation. While it has taken developed Western economies some time to realise the environmental price of their development this is not the case for today’s emerging nations. In this case even the global recession will enable China to have more time to better make arrangements for considering more sustainable and greener options for its growth. Middle-class consumers are at the forefront of environmental awareness as the environmental consequences of rapid industrialisation and urbanisation in countries such as China and India are becoming increasingly apparent Also in countries such as India, the Philippines and Malaysia, levels of cons umer awareness regarding hygiene products are very still very low. Indian Diaper Market In 2009, manufacturers have been now more focused on more categories such as disposable nappies/diapers. With the increasing buying power of Indian consumers, companies are looking for options which are more convenient and safe to use for the children. Increase in awareness about hygiene is a big factor for thus development. Some of the major development last year is as follows: Procter & Gamble Hygiene & Health Care Ltd introduced Pampers Magic Nickers Kimberly-Clark Lever Ltd introduced Huggies New Born, a product specifically targeting the mothers of new born babies. With increasing awareness regarding the advantages of using the use of disposable nappies/diapers over cloth substitutes, Indian parents are now spending more on purchasing such products which in turn led to an increase in sales value for the manufacturers. Convenience has been one of the driving factors in this change. Even in ti er 2 towns and cities, parents are willing to spend money on disposable nappies/diapers to use when the baby is taken out of the home, for added convenience. Also as babies get older, some young mothers look to go back to work. This encouraged the use of nappies/diapers, as they are more convenient, and they do not need to spend time washing cloth nappies. Also, as babies become more active, and nappies are a more comfortable and hygienic alternative to cloth nappies. However currently the majority of the sales is restricted to customers in urban India. So the penetration rate of disposable nappies/diapers has been increasing, as more young parents are finding it convenient to switch from cloth nappies to disposable nappies.

Artifact Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Artifact - Essay Example They are a source of comfort and give us the opportunity to connect with ourselves when alone. I don’t consider the rocking chair as a piece of furniture but something that I can resort to when I need to rejoice the moments spent with my grandfather or when I need sometime for myself away from the noise and pollution of this world. These rocking chairs add to the household making the entire environment very comfortable. The rocking chair is practically affiliated with Americans who have immense love for this wonderful creation. The origin of this ornament is quite controversial as we do not really find how or why this was designed. Although the first rocking chair was skates attached to a chair. With time this conventional design was modernized to the recent form. It is estimated that the rocking chair resulted from two distinct pieces of furniture that is a cradle and a rocking horse during the eighteenth century. Both these ornaments are generally associated to children who relax and rejoice on them. The cradle and the rocking horse were found to give immense pleasure to little ones hence with the passage of time a similar thing was designed for adults that would give them the same joy and comfort. It will not be wrong to say that the rocking chair gives a modern touch to sleep. The rocking chair at my home is an antique wooden chair made out of dark oak wood which has been carved to perfection. The basic design is similar to a conventional rocking chair that moves front and back which are joint to the legs of it. Further is has a curved shape to support my backbone. There is a faint shine on it. This rocking chair makes squeaky voices in particular; furthermore in order to give a modern touch to the rocking chair I have accessorized it with floral summery cushions giving a pleasant feel overall. The rocking chair has far more to offer than just comfort and relaxation. Like I mentioned earlier,